SIMPLE PROJECTS

The amazing and fascinating nature of electricity makes it an interesting topic to almost all people. There are numerous science fair projects that you can pursue which focuses on the principle of electricity. Below are a few of science project tips you may like to consider.

Make an illustration on how lightning functions

Lightning is commonly known as an interesting phenomenon and you could present how it functions
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FUN N GAMES

GAMES

Winners of the Nobel Prize for Physics in the 21st Century

2001
Eric A. Cornell (1961- ) USA
Wolfgang Ketterle (1957- ) USA
Carl E. Wieman (1951- ) USA
for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates

2002
Raymond Davis, Jr. (1914-2006) USA
Masatoshi Koshiba (1926- ) Japan
for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos
and
Riccardo Giacconi (1931- ) USA
for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources

2003
Alexei A. Abrikosov (1928- ) USA and Russia
Vitaly L. Ginzburg (1916- ) Russia
Anthony J. Leggett (1938- ) United Kingdom and USA
for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids

2004
David J. Gross (1941- ) USA
H. David Politzer (1949- ) USA
Frank Wilczek (1951- ) USA
for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction

2005
Roy J. Glauber (1925- ) USA
for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence

and
John L. Hall (1934- ) USA
Theodor W. Haensch (1941- ) Germany
for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique

2006
John C. Mather (1946- ) USA
George F. Smoot (1945- ) USA
for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation

2007
Albert Fert (1938- ) France
Peter Gruenberg (1939- ) Germany
for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance

2008
Yoichiro Nambu (1921- ) USA
for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics

and
Makoto Kobayashi (1944- ) and Toshihide Maskawa (1940- ) Japan
for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature

2009
Charles K. Kao (1933- ) Hong Kong, China
for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication

and
Willard S. Boyle (1924- ) and George E. Smith (1930- ) USA
for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor

2010
Andre Geim (1958- ) Netherlands and Konstantin Novoselov (1974- ) UK and Russia
for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene

Elucidating cell-free protein synthesis

The chemistry of life is complicated. Gene expression, in which information is transcribed from DNA to messenger RNA and then translated to produce a protein, involves more than 100 different molecules. Gaining a quantitative understanding of the process through observation of living cells is a daunting challenge. Now, Vincent Noireaux (University of Minnesota), Roy Bar-Ziv (Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel), and colleagues have used a cell-free system to carry out a complete gene-expression reaction, and they’ve developed a simple model of the reaction dynamics. Cell-free protein synthesis itself is not new; it’s been used for 15–20 years to produce proteins for research and medicine. Typical cell-free systems, which are available commercially, are therefore optimized to produce a lot of protein quickly rather than to reproduce reactions as they occur in vivo. The systems combine molecules from different organisms, and they don’t allow control over biologically important reactions such as mRNA inactivation and protein degradation. Noireaux and his student Jonghyeon Shin developed their own cell-free system, using molecules only fromEscherichia coli bacteria and including enzymes for inactiv

Wavefunction's unconventional statistics manifested

In three dimensions, exchanging identical particles has a simple effect on a wavefunction: no change for bosons, multiplication by −1 for fermions. In two dimensions, things are more complicated. Consider the two ways to switch identical particles “A” and “B” shown in the figure. Because the clockwise and counterclockwise switches can’t be continuously deformed into each other, 2D exchange doesn’t just swap coordinates; it also involves a topological component. When many particles are involved, the topological issues are correspondingly more complex, and exchange operations might not commute. In that case the particles are said to have non-abelian (that is, noncommuting) anyon statistics. Non-abelian anyons are more than a mathematical curiosity: Condensed-matter physicists have plausibly argued that the quasiparticles that participate in the so-called ν = ⁵⁄₂fractional quantum Hall state are objects of that type (see the article by Sankar Das Sarma, Michael Freedman, and Chetan Nayak in Physics Today, July 2006, page 32) . Now, Nayak (Microsoft Station Q and the University of California, Santa Barbara) and colleagues have, in the first calculation of its kind, explicitly demonstrated the compatibility of a specific popular candidate ν =⁵⁄₂ wavefunction with non-abelian anyon statistics. The key step, says MIT’s Frank Wilczek, was to map the wavefunction to a rather different physical system amenable to attack with a well-established battery of mathematical tools. Does the wavefunction studied by the Nayak team actually describe the ν = ⁵⁄₂ state? That ball is in the experimentalists’ court. (P. Bonderson et al.,Phys. Rev. B 83, 075303, 2011.)—Steven K. Blau